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On May 30, 2014, the Court of Appeal for the First Appellate District (Division 4) filed its order denying rehearing and granting the requests of real party in interest AT&T, Verizon, Remy Moose Manley and others to publish its April 30 opinion in San Francisco Beautiful, et al. v. City and County of San Francisco, et al. (AT&T California, RPI) (1st Dist. 2014) 226 Cal.App.4th 1012.  The case involved a challenge, by plaintiffs comprised of numerous citizens and neighborhood groups, to the City’s determination that AT&T’s “Lightspeed” project was categorically exempt from CEQA and therefore didn’t require an EIR.  The project involved installing 726 new utility cabinets – most to be 48” high, 51.7” wide, and 26” deep – at undetermined locations on public sidewalks throughout the City within 300 feet of existing cabinets, in order to upgrade broadband speed and capabilities using an expanded fiber-optic network.
Continue Reading San Francisco Beautiful CEQA Decision Interpreting Class 3 Categorical Exemption For Installation of Small Structures Is Ordered Published By First District

In an exceptionally thorough and well-reasoned opinion, the Third District Court of Appeal affirmed the trial court’s judgment denying a writ petition challenging respondent 14th District Agricultural Association’s (District) approval of a rodeo event to be held at the Santa Cruz County Fairground pursuant to the CEQA Guidelines’ Class 23 categorical exemption.  Citizens For Environmental Responsibility v. State of California ex rel 14th District Agricultural Association (3d Dist. 3/26/14) 224 Cal.App.4th 152, 17 Cal.Rptr.3d 8.  In doing so, the Court addressed and clarified important issues regarding (1) the scope of the Class 23 exemption for “normal operations of existing facilities for public gatherings” (14 Cal. Code Reg., § 15323), (2) when alleged “mitigation” measures disqualify a project from utilizing a categorical exemption, and (3) operation of the “unusual circumstances” exception to categorical exemptions.  (14 Cal. Code Reg., § 15300.2(c).)
Continue Reading Third District Construes CEQA Guidelines’ Class 23 Categorical Exemption And “Unusual Circumstances” Exception In Rejecting Challenge To Watsonville Rodeo Event

In a lengthy, mostly published opinion filed on March 20, 2014, the Second District Court of Appeal reversed the trial court’s judgment granting a writ of mandate, and upheld – as against state law challenges brought by a bevy of environmental plaintiffs  – the EIS/EIR (EIR) and related resources management/conservation plan approvals of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) for the 12,000 acre Newhall Ranch Specific Plan site.  Center for Biological Diversity, et al. v. Department of Fish and Wildlife (The Newhall Land and Farming Company, RPI) (2d Dist. 2014) 224 Cal.App.4th 1105, 169 Cal.Rptr.3d 413, No. B245131. Two decades into the planning process, the controversial Northwestern LA County project ultimately contemplates the massive development of five villages containing residential, mixed-use and non-residential land uses, with up to 21,308 dwelling units (and 57,903 residents), 629 acres of mixed use development, 67 acres of commercial uses, 249 acres of business park uses, and numerous other public and open space uses and amenities, to be built out over a 25 to 30 year period.  The land use approvals at issue in the case included a Resource Management and Development Plan, Spineflower Conservation Plan, associated Master Streambed Alteration Agreement, and related Incidental Take Permits (ITPs) issued by CDFW under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA).  The 5,828 page EIR focused on the resource management and conservation plans required to be in place prior to the residential and commercial construction components of the project.
Continue Reading Second District Addresses Interesting CEQA and CESA Species Mitigation Issues in Lengthy Partially Published Opinion Upholding Resource Management and Conservation Approvals for Newhall Ranch Project, but “Hides its Work” on Significant Greenhouse Gas Issues in Unpublished Portion

The Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) will undertake a comprehensive review of the CEQA Guidelines (14 Cal.Code Regs., §15000 et seq) this year and is currently soliciting public input – to be provided not later than COB on February 14, 2014 – on specific possible topics it has developed as a result of stakeholder suggestions and published on its website.  OPR’s 7-page document, dated December 30, 2013, and entitled “Possible Topics to be Addressed in the 2014 CEQA Guidelines Update,” can be found at http://www.opr.ca.gov/docs/PossibleTopics2014CEQAGuidelinesUpdate.pdf.
Continue Reading OPR To Review Specific CEQA Guidelines Topics Proposed For 2014 Update, Solicits Public Input

In a recent decision extensively analyzing and applying CEQA’s rules on alternatives analysis, recirculation, and a petitioner’s burden to show agency error, the Third District Court of Appeal affirmed the Nevada County Superior Court’s judgment denying a writ petition challenging a commercial real estate project.  South County Citizens for Smart Growth v. County of Nevada (3d Dist., 10/8/13) 221 Cal.App.4th 316.

Plaintiff “Smart Growth” challenged County’s approval of the 20-acre Higgins Marketplace Project being developed by Katz Kirkpatrick Properties (KKP) in southwestern Nevada County.  The Draft EIR (DEIR) analyzed subdivision of the site into 10 parcels, with approximately 80,000 square feet of retail uses, two fast food restaurants, 482 parking stalls, reservation of 5 acres for future development of 42,000 square feet of light industrial and office uses, and preservation of about 3.26 acres of wetlands with a 25-foot buffer.  It identified three significant and unavoidable impacts – two traffic impacts and one cumulative air quality impact – and found all other impacts would be less than significant with mitigation.  It analyzed four (4) project alternatives, including the CEQA-mandated no project alternative; a restricted turning access alternative to try to avoid SR 49 impacts; a business park alternative under current general plan designations (designed to reduce traffic and noise); and a redesign/reduced density alternative which would eliminate 6,500 feet of commercial development, relocate the fast food restaurants, and provide greater buffers to reduce biological, noise, visual and traffic impacts.Continue Reading Third District Holds CEQA Does Not Require Recirculation Based On Staff-Recommended Alternative Raised After Preparation of Final EIR

My October 31 presentation with David Ivester for the Bay Planning Coalition on recent CEQA developments brought home the fact that while there has been only partial and incremental legislative reform (in the form of SB 743), the appellate Courts have remained very active, publishing roughly 30 decisions over the past year.  I concur with David that legislative reform in 2014 (an election year) is unlikely, so it appears we will have to continue to look to the judiciary as the principal agent for change – for better or for worse.  David’s opening anecdote about his conversation with an intelligent, non-lawyer friend underscoring the need for CEQA reform was compelling –  something just seems wrong if, after a legion of environmental professionals (including agency staff, planners, environmental consultants, and legal counsel) has thoroughly vetted a development project and its environmental review, it still stands only a 50% chance of prevailing if challenged in Court.
Continue Reading “The Year in CEQA: A Look Back”

In a much-anticipated decision filed August 5, 2013, the California Supreme Court held that CEQA requires a lead agency to assess a project’s environmental impacts against an “existing conditions” baseline – and consequently disallows sole reliance on a “future conditions” baseline  –  unless the agency shows “by substantial evidence that an analysis based on existing conditions would tend to be misleading or without informational value to EIR users.”  Neighbors for Smart Rail v. Exposition Metro Line Construction Authority, et al (8/5/13) 57 Cal.4th 439.  In resolving a split of authority among the District Courts of Appeal on the issue, the high court itself was divided:  While six justices agreed on the result of affirming the Court of Appeal’s judgment upholding denial of a writ, and four agreed on the rule stated above, three justices believed lead agencies should be given greater discretion to select the CEQA baseline, and one justice believed the EIR’s failure to include the “existing conditions” baseline analysis required by CEQA under the majority’s rule was prejudicial error requiring that the EIR and project approval be set aside.  The bottom line is that defendant Exposition Metro Line Construction Authority (Expo Authority) may proceed to construct its light-rail transit line from Culver City to Santa Monica (the “Expo Phase 2” project), and CEQA practitioners now have some new environmental baseline rules to assimilate and employ when counseling their clients.
Continue Reading High Court Tackles CEQA Future Baselines In Neighbors For Smart Rail Decision

In a lengthy published opinion filed May 21, 2013, the First District Court of Appeal reversed a judgment granting a writ of mandate and upheld as legally adequate under CEQA the Marin Municipal Water District’s EIR for development and construction of a desalination plant in Marin County.  (North Coast Rivers Alliance, et al. v. Marin Municipal Water District Board of Directors (1st Dist., Div. 4, 2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 614.  The Court rejected Petitioner North Coast Rivers Alliance’s (Alliance) challenges to the adequacy of the EIR’s analysis of the project’s aesthetic, land use, seismic, hydrology, water quality, biological resources, and cumulative GHG impacts, as well as its challenges to the EIR’s environmental setting description of baseline physical conditions and alleging that various of its mitigation measures were improperly deferred.  In light of its reversal of the judgment, the Court dismissed the District’s related appeal of a post-judgment order awarding attorneys’ fees to Alliance as moot.
Continue Reading CEQA School In Session: First District Reverses Judgment Invalidating EIR for Desalination Plant Project In North Coast Rivers Alliance

The First Appellate District recently ordered partially published its opinion in City of Hayward v. Board of Trustees of the California State University (2012) __ Cal.App.4th __, 2012 WL 2832858 (cert. for pub. 6/28/12), which applied some CEQA basics in clarifying what “impacts” of a project must be analyzed and mitigated under CEQA.  In so doing, it helpfully sharpened the sometimes fuzzy boundaries of the statute’s outer reach as it is all too commonly applied.
Continue Reading First District Reaffirms CEQA Is Concerned With Physical Impacts On The Environment, Not Economic Ones On Government Services

In a series of decisions that had agency planners and environmental consultants scratching their heads, various courts of appeal last year held that every CEQA document must take account of existing conditions in assessing environmental impacts.  (See Sunnyvale West Neighborhood Assoc. v. City of Sunnyvale City Council (6th Dist. 2010) 190 Cal.App.4th 1351; Pfeiffer v.